Quinine plant scientific name. Various existing preparations include the hydrochloride, dihydrochloride, sulfate, bisulfate and gluconate. Cinchona alkaloids have been reported as the most significant natural products from medicinal point of view. May 21, 2018 · Quinine History Uses and manufacture Resources Quinine is an alkaloid obtained from the bark of several species of the cinchona tree. Cinchona (pronounced / sɪŋˈkoʊnə / or / sɪnˈtʃoʊnə / [1]) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. English Quinine Quinine bark Dutch Kinaboom Kinine Spanish Chinchona Quinina Quinine Cinchona officinalis is a medicinal plant, one of several Cinchona species used for the production of quinine, which is an anti-fever agent. 6,7,20,21 It is effective against the asexual blood stages of all four Plasmodium spp. Apr 4, 2024 · Moreover, a decoction of the plant is used to treat painful eyes (drops are put into the eyes) and to aid recovery from blows and falls. Learn more about Cinchona uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Cinchona. Plant seeds in the fall or early winter or pre-treat them with 4 to 6 weeks of cold moist stratification to improve germination. Quinine | C20H24N2O2 | CID 3034034 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety Scientific Name (s): Cinchona calisya Wedd. (yellow cinchona), Cinchona succirubra Pav. It works well in rock gardens, cottage gardens, prairies, and meadows. Jan 7, 2025 · This species is the source of quinine, a breakthrough medicine against malaria that saved the lives of hundreds of people, making it one of the most important plants in history. Long-lasting, they withstand extreme weather. Parthenium integrifolium | Illinois BotanizerParthenium integrifolium Quinine, Wild Scientific Name: Parthenium integrifolium Common Name: Wild Quinine Other Common Names: Nd, Wild Quinine Plant Type: Perennial Where To Plant: Full Sun to Partly Shady Soil Types: Average Zones (See US Zone map): 5-9 Germination: Medium Number of Seeds Per Pack: 50 Uses: Medicinal Notes: American prairie Indians remedy for kidney and bladder complaints, and for gonorrhea Oct 10, 2023 · Cinchona belongs to the Rubiaceae family and is a large shrub or small tree. An extract from the root is traditionally used in West Africa for malaria. ). Purified quinine replaced the bark as the standard treatment for malaria. Cinchona chomeliana Wedd. The basal and lower stem leaves are aromatic, to 8 inches long and 4 This dire shortage of quinine fueled research for developing and producing a synthetic version of the quinine alkaloid rather than relying on the natural bark. Wild Quinine needs 0. These trees are found in the madder family, native to the Andes of South America. While eighteenth-century scientific efforts intended to produce a universal language, in which any animal, plant, or mineral would be known by the same name everywhere in the world, that universality would be won only through the exclusion of diversity. Use our water calculator to personalize watering recommendations to your environment or download Greg for more advanced recommendations for all of your plants. Cinchona officinalis (family Rubiaceae) is a tree from the Andes whose bark contains the alkaloids quinine and quinidine. , wild quinine occurs from northeast Texas to southern Minnesota, east to the Atlantic Coast. Feb 26, 2020 · Learn about the important medicinal properties of the cinchona tree and Nature and Culture International's efforts to conserve this endangered species in Peru. Mar 24, 2025 · The West African native Cryptolepis sanguinolenta has drawn interest recently due to possible medical benefits. [1] The roots of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta contain a major alkaloid called cryptolepine. The roots are also used as a yellow dye. Blooms May–September. Cultivation Wild Quinine is said to grow in full sun or […] American feverfew, or wild quinine, is a perennial herb with stems single, usually unbranched below the flower cluster. Cinchona succirubra Pav. S. According Researchers are always hoping to find new plants with medically effective molecules, and they have high hopes for the study of the quinine plant due to its importance in traditional medicine. Physical Characteristics Google: Web - Images - Scholar iNaturalist: Rauvolfia afra IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Rauvolfia afra JSTOR Plant Science: Rauvolfia afra Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Rauvolfia afra Plants of the World Online: Rauvolfia afra Tropicos: Rauvolfia afra Wikipedia: Rauvolfia afra. From November 24th 2013 one plant May 28, 2020 · Canales explained that the removal of quinine-rich species from the Andes has changed the genetic structure of cinchona plants, reducing their ability to evolve and change. It has been used as an antimalarial for over 350 years. The genus common name Feverfew is indicative of its use medicinally, as is the common name of Parthenium integrifolium - Wild Quinine, which has been used in treatment for malaria. ^ McKie, Robin (20 July 2024). Quinine from Cinchona was the only effective remedy to treat malaria during World War 1. IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy CAS Registry Number: 130-95-0 Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file Stereoisomers: Quinidine Other names: Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (8α,9R)-; (-)-Quinine; Chinine; 6-Methoxycinchonine; 2-Quinuclidinemethanol, α- (6-methoxy-4-quinolyl)-5-vinyl-; Chinin; α- (6-Methoxy-4-quinolyl)-5-vinyl-2 Search for native plants by scientific name, common name or family. According to the USDA, several southeastern Native American tribes have used this plant for medicinal purposes, including mashing the leaves to create a poultice for burns. Retrieved 21 July 2024. References Common Name Reference: PLANTS Database Scientific Name Reference: PLANTS Database Apr 28, 2025 · Quinine Tree is an extraordinary medicinal plant celebrated for its diverse health benefits, potent bioactive compounds, and wide-ranging therapeutic properties. Dec 15, 2009 · C. Commonly known as Parthenium integrifolium, American Feverfew, Wild Quinine, this guide covers everything you need to know. The quinine takes its name from the plant from which it is extracted, namely the Cinchona calisaya, or China calisaia; this is an arboreal plant originally diffused in the Andes and known for the pharmacopoeia use of this alkaloid Identity Preferred Scientific Name Cinchona pubescens Vahl Preferred Common Name quinine tree Other Scientific Names Cinchona asperifolia Wedd. NAPA provides a map for each species in the selected genus. Quinine Extraction Quinine is obtained from the plant genus of about 23 species of plants and most trees. Quinine is also used with clindamycin in the treatment of Babesia microti Summary Peruvian Bark or Cinchona calisaya is an evergreen shrub or small tree up to 8 m tall and is a known medicinal plant used as a treatment for fevers and malaria due to quinine contents from the bark. The bark of these trees contains quinine and is useful against malaria. Its significance lies in its role as one of the first effective treatments for this disease, influencing medical practices and the development of pharmaceuticals. It contains a range of naturally occurring compounds, including alkaloids such as cryptolepine, that have been studied for their broad-spectrum properties. Pollinators flock to the blooms for about two months beginning in late spring. One only needs to read the popular names it has been given in different languages The scientific name was later modified from Chinchona to Cinchona, which is the accepted spelling today. Traditional uses of Cryptolepis: Cryptolepis has the Since it’s a tropical plant, it requires consistent warmth and humidity to thrive, whether you’re starting from seed or cuttings. Plants produce bold rosettes of large coarsely serrate oval leaves. Quinine English pronunciation: /ˈkwaɪnaɪn, kwɪˈniːn, ˈkwiːniːn/ is an alkaloid which can reduce fever, work against malaria, pain and swelling. What to Plant with Cinchona Officinalis? If you’re growing Cinchona Officinalis in a tropical garden, companion plants could include other tropical species like bananas, ginger, or coffee plants. The cinchona tree is native to the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in South America. It was historically important in the prevention and treatment of malaria, before being superseded by synthetic and semi-synthetic antimalarial drugs, many of which are derivatives of Cinchona alkaloids. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The indigenous people across the Andes used cinchona bark as a treatment for fever before introducing it to Spanish Jesuits. The Scientific name of Quinine Bark: cinchona offinalis Name in different languages:- Sanskrit: Sinkona, Kunayaka English: Peruvian bark, Jesuit’s bark Malayalam: Sinkona സിങ്കോണ Plant description: Quinine Bark or Peruvian bark is a native of South America, it is cultivated in the Himalayan region, Nilgiri, Ootty, and Sikkim areas It is a medium tree, that grows up to 20 meters Quinine is a basic amine and is usually provided as a salt. It sometimes grows in colonies. Cinchona pubescens, also known as red cinchona and quina or kina (Spanish: Cascarilla, cinchona; Portuguese: quina-do-amazonas, quineira), is native to Central and South America. Parthenium integrifolium L. This tap rooted species Phonetic Spelling par-THEN-ee-um in-teg-ree-FOH-lee-um Description This plant blooms in white clusters from May through September. Learn more about cinchona plants and their history of use against malaria. The herb can treat conditions like fever, malaria Cryptolepis sanguinolenta is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. ex Klotsch (red cinchona) Common Name (s): China bark, Cinchona bark, Fever tree, Jesuit's bark, Peruvian bark, Quina-quina, Red bark Overview History Dosage Pregnancy Interactions Side effects Clinical Overview Use Quinine has been used for the treatment of malaria and The cinchona tree (Cinchona pubescens) has transformed the world due to it being a source of quinine, an effective treatment for malaria. This is a late spring to late summer perennial. The bark of some species contains quinine and is useful against malaria. It is also called American feverfew. It is located in many countries of Africa and Asia. Several species (Cinchona pubescens and Cinchona officinalis) are grown to produce quinine. Dec 22, 2024 · Extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree, known by the scientific name of Cinchona officinalis, quinine is celebrated for its therapeutic properties, particularly in the treatment of malaria. Dec 15, 2009 · This datasheet on Cinchona pubescens covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Dec 1, 2022 · The Quinine Quinine is an alkaloid of natural origin having antipyretic, antimalarial and analgesic properties; the brute chemical formula of quinine is: C20H24N2O2. However, its continued use is challenged by its poor tolerability, poor compliance with complex dosing regimens, and the availability of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, commonly known as Cryptolepis or Ghanaian quinine, is a botanical traditionally used in West African herbal medicine. Aug 12, 2021 · Growing quinine wildflowers is an easy undertaking and suitable for many situations. Cinchona officinalis (Quinine) is a species of tree in the family Rubiaceae. Morphologically, it is a tall common names: quinine tree, bitter bark, strychnine tree Petalostigma is from two Greek words πεταλον (petalon), a leaf, and στιγμα (stigma), a brand, tattoo-mark. 0" pot. Ghanaian quinine – Cryptolepis sanguinolenta Ghanaian quinine, scientifically known as Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, is a medicinal plant native to West Africa, and it’s widespread throughout Ghana. The bark was collected in its Jan 5, 2022 · Common names for jojoba include deer-nut, coffee bush and quinine plant. , Cinchona ledgeriana Moens ex Trim. Cryptolepis Sanguinolenta Common Name is Cryptolepis, Ghanaian quinine, or Yellow-dye root. Quinine dramatically improves malaria symptoms. America to treat fevers and a range of other conditions. Apr 28, 2025 · Quinine Bush is a distinctive medicinal plant revered for its broad spectrum of health benefits, potent bioactive compounds, and versatile therapeutic applications. Traditionally valued for fever reduction and immune system support, this tree is rich in quinine alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils, which work in synergy to provide anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant ^ "Rauvolfia afra Sond". The plant is best known as the source of quinine, which for centuries was the most extensively taken antimalarial remedy in the world. Stout flower stalks emerge from the rosettes bearing flat topped clusters of showy white flower heads. Among these alkaloids, Parthenium integrifolium – Wild Quinine COMMON NAME: Wild Quinine SCIENTIFIC NAME: Parthenium integrifolium – from Greek parthenos for “virgin” and integrifolium for the “undivided leaf” FLOWER: Dense flat-‐topped clusters of white flowers about 1⁄4 inch in size The 25th July 2021 marks 400 years of botanical research and teaching by the University of Oxford. Image credit to Australian National Botanic Gardens Aug 5, 2016 · Quinine: The plant-based medicine that saved millions of lives 05 August 2016 (28446 visits) More than 7000 medical compounds currently prescribed by physicians in Western culture are derived from plants, and some experts estimate that there are more than 21,000 medicinal plants in the world’s remaining tropical forest ecosystems. E US to Wisconsin & Arkansas. Voici notre troisième plante de la famille des Menispermacées sans doute la plus connue pour ses vertus médicinales, même hors de sa zone d’origine. Wild quinine will grow best in fertile, well-drained soils in full-sun to light shade. Rare and unusual, Wild Quinine is a gorgeous native plant with everything one could want in a garden perennial: upright form, excellent foliage, a long bloom time, and resistance to insects and disease. All quinine salts may be given orally or intravenously (IV); quinine gluconate may also be given intramuscularly Wild quinine usually blooms in late summer and early autumn. wild quinine General Images Subordinate Taxa Related Links Sources Download Distribution Data View Print Options Oct 5, 2024 · What is Quinine? Quinine is a natural compound that is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, primarily found in South America. Common Name Wild Quinine (American Feverfew, Eastern Feverfew) Scientific Name Parthenium integrifolium L. The Jesuits had introduced it from the New World, hence the name Jesuit's bark or powder (Prendergast and Dolley, 2001). Calyx with ovary portion ellipsoid, 2-3 mm, densely pilosulous; limb 1. Resembling small white pearls from a distance, each flower head features five cute tiny ray flowers. It is known as a medicinal plant for its bark's high quinine content- and has similar uses to C. , Pentas, among others). [2] Scientific and Botanical Profile Cinchona Tree, with botanical name Cinchona officinalis, is a member of the Rubiaceae family, commonly known as the coffee or madder family. ISSN 0029-7712. The Cinchona genus includes a number of trees. Fever Tree (Cinchona officinalis) The bark of the Fever Tree contains quinine, an alkaloid which is produced as a defence against insects. "Botanists vote to remove racist reference from plants' scientific names". Economic importance includes Cinchona, the source of quinine used to treat malaria, Coffea arabica and other species, the source of coffee, Pausinystalia johimbe, the source of the sexual stimulant yohimbine, some timber trees, fruiting plants, dye plants (such as Rubia, madder), and ornamental cultivars (e. Quinine is a natural compound derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, historically used to treat malaria and known for its bitter taste. Topped with little, white, pearl-like flowerheads, wild quinine is well suited for full sun in well- drained, fertile soil. They turn brown, almost black, in late fall and remain architectural Apr 27, 2020 · The common name is based on use of the plant as a substitute for quinine (derived from Cinchona trees of South America) to treat malaria during World War I. Originally, quinine powder was added to water and drank as a remedy Plant Guide Use a soil moisture meter to monitor the soil moisture where Quinine is planted. Oct 13, 2024 · The plant has long been used medicinally by the native people of S. The bark is a bitter, astringent, tonic herb and made into Quinine remains an important anti-malarial drug almost 400 years after its effectiveness was first documented. When treatment is terminated, however, many patients experience another attack of malaria. ex Klotzsch Quinquina pubescens (Vahl) Kuntze International Common Feb 24, 2025 · quiNINE reference guide for safe and effective use from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (AHFS DI). Learn more about the benefits, drawbacks, and side effects of quinine. 5-3 mm, sparsely to densely hairy, shallowly lobed; sepals Oct 13, 2024 · Common Name: Quinine Tree Fruit and leaves Photograph by: Wrigley, J. So what is wild quinine? Read this article to learn more about this interesting plant and wild quinine care. [1] Gin and tonic had their origins, as a remedy to malaria, from the officers of Presidency armies of the East India Company. Quinine is an example of the many Notes: Wild Quinine is easily identified by its flowers, which are pretty unique compared to other Minnesota species. If you are not sure what you are looking for, try the Combination Search or our Recommended Species lists. Petalostigma pubescens, known as the quinine bush is a rainforest tree native to Papua New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory, New South Wales, Western Australia. Combine Wild Quinine with Prairie Blazingstar and Bergamot, or Purple Coneflower, for a beautiful late summer show. Leaves to 20x10cm, lanceolate-elliptic to broadly ovate, crenulate-serrate or sublyrate at base. that cause malaria in humans, and is used for chloroquine-resistant P. It grows in prairies, glades, and rocky woods. 5-14 mm; petals ovate-lanceshaped, 4-6 mm, pointed. [2] Nov 6, 2024 · The Swedish botanist Linnaeus gave the tree the name "cinchona", likely after hearing the fable about the Countess of Chinchon. Parthenium integrifolium, commonly called American feverfew or wild quinine, is a clump-forming, Missouri native perennial which occurs in dry soils on prairies, glades and rocky woods. Previous Page Jul 2, 2025 · Discover 200 scientific names of common plants, including herbs, flowers, trees, shrubs, indoor, and medicinal plants with botanical names and examples. Other Common Names: Peruvian bark, quinine, Jesuit’s bark, chinchona, fever tree, kinakina, quina-quina, quinine bark tree. Today, the tree is ChemSpider record containing structure, synonyms, properties, vendors and database links for Quinine, 130-95-0, LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Where Can I Find This Plant in Nature? Learn about the Native Environment (s) inhabited by the plants in this database. ETWP; Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species Wild quinine plants are easily propagated by seed. Cinchona hirsuta Ruiz & Pavon Cinchona lechleriana Schlecht. A few species are reportedly naturalized in Central America, Jamaica, French Polynesia, Sulawesi, Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, and São Tomé Cinchona, genus of about 23 species of plants, mostly trees, in the madder family (Rubiaceae), native to the Andes of South America. Quinine is known for its bitter taste and has been utilized not only for its medicinal properties but also as a Perennial herb, 0. 5-1m, simple or branched above. The bark of this species, and several related species, has been shown to contain quinine, an effective antimalarial and febrifuge [ Jun 19, 2023 · Wild Quinine has yet to make a splash in home gardens, but it has many virtues making it worthy of consideration: Easy to grow, long-blooming, attractive to many pollinators, an upright form and excellent foliage, a pleasant medicinal fragrance, and dried flowers for arrangements. Quinine, which is produced from the bark of Cinchona species, is used to cure malaria. Names Scientific Cinchona spp. Parthenium integrifolium (Wild Quinine) is an upright, clump-forming perennial boasting broad, flat-topped clusters of white, button-like flowers from late spring to late summer. The bitter flavouring of tonic water comes from an alkaloid called quinine, extracted from the Andean fever tree (Cinchona spp. Until the development of synthetic drugs, quinine was used as the primary treatment of malaria, a disease that kills over 100 million people a year. In the U. The Observer. European Discovery Pre-cinchona treatments Importance of bark Quinine Experimentation Cultivation Ledgeriana Harvesting Quinine in Recent History Bibliography Disclaimer The cinchona - a large shrub or small tree - is indigenous to South America. The form of quinine most effective in treating malaria was found by de la Condamine, and in 1820, Pelletier and Caventou isolated and named the substance "quinine". Native to regions such as Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Madagascar, and Indonesia, this tree is also referred to as Quinine Tree, Peruvian Bark, Officinalis Tree, and Quina Quina. The flowerheads are in flat-topped or slightly rounded, fuzzy white clusters about ¼ inch wide. This is the most frequently cultivated species of Cinchona. Retrieved 8 August 2024. Quinine is a natural, bitter-tasting crystalline alkaloid derived from the bark of various cinchona species (genus Cinchona) and having antipyretic (fever-reducing), anti-smallpox, analgesic (painkilling), and anti- inflammatory properties. falciparum infections. pubescens is a source of the drug quinine, used to control the effects of malaria, and Cinchona bark was being used in Europe as a treatment for malaria as early as the 1650s, before the plant was authenticated botanically (Raintree, 2003). All are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America. Plant Family Aster (Asteraceae) Parthenium integrifolium is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names wild quinine, common wild quinine, American feverfew, and eastern feverfew. This species is native to the Chicago region according to Swink and Wilhelm’s Plants of the Chicago Region and current research. While it may be found planted in parks and restored natural areas, Minnesota is on the northwest tip of its natural range and it's rarely found in the wild except along protected railroad rights of way and a few prairie and savanna remnants in the southeast counties. Quinine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the South American cinchona tree. As a celebration and count-down to this anniversary the University of Oxford Botanic Garden and Harcourt Arboretum together with the Oxford University Herbaria and the Department of Plant Sciences will highlight 400 plants of scientific and cultural significance. Aug 28, 2018 · Quinine is an evergreen tree or shrub, up to 12 m tall. 1,2,8,9 It is effective against the asexual blood stages of all four Plasmodium spp. Traditionally employed in herbal medicine, this shrub is known to support immune function, aid in fever reduction, and promote overall well-being. The ray florets are few, tiny, and inconspicuous. It has been used for centuries as a treatment for malaria, a disease caused by parasites transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The bark is a bitter, astringent, tonic herb and made into powder The genus scientific name Parthenium is Greek for virgin, indicative of the white flowers. Aug 29, 2025 · Quinine, drug obtained from cinchona bark that is used chiefly in the treatment of malaria. Site: Margins of deciduous woods, old fields See this plant in the following landscape: Cultivars / Varieties: Tags: #white flowers #summer flowers # Parthenium integrifolium, commonly called American feverfew or wild quinine, is a clump-forming, Missouri native perennial which occurs in dry soils on prairies, glades and rocky woods. May 29, 2020 · Lojabark, Quinine, red cinchona, cinchona bark, Jesuits bark, loxa bark, Jesuits powder, countess powder, Peruvian bark are some of the popular common names of the plant. Caterpillars which would otherwise eat the leaves greatly dislike the taste of quinine, and will leave the tree untouched. In the United States, quinine sulfate is commercially available in 324 mg tablets under the brand name Qualaquin. Plants of the World Online. Its unique phytochemicals, which include alkaloids and flavonoids, contribute to CHECK AVAILABILITY FIRST IMPRESSIONS: Parthenium integrifolium is a clump forming rhizomatous perennial wildflower. Summary A native species to Central and South America, Red Bark or Red Cinchona (Cinchona pubescens) is a usually 10 m tall deciduous tree with small, thick, and hairy branches known as an effective medicinal plant for malaria due to the quinine content of its bark. g. The bark of the Cinchona family of trees contains quinine. Traditional African medicine has traditionally used Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, especially among the native populations of Ghana and Nigeria. Jan 18, 2014 · Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses - Wild quinine May 21, 2018 · cinchona (sĬngkō´nə) or chinchona (chĬngkō´nə), name for species of the genus Cinchona, evergreen trees of the madder [1] family native to the Andean highlands from Bolivia to Colombia and also to some mountainous regions of Panama and Costa Rica [2]. While many travelers book eco-tourism vacations in Peru in BONAP--North American Plant Atlas provides location information for this genus on a US map. Quinine is also used with clindamycin in the treatment of Babesia microti Dec 29, 2023 · The source of quinine, cinchona tells a story about the value placed on parts of plants and how that value can be extracted and distorted in support of empire. Both of these words have, of course, been adopted by botanists as petal and stigma, and the name of the genus probably refers to their current botanical use. Get ready to expand your botanical knowledge and discover the wonders of nature! What is a Scientific Name? A scientific name (also called a Common names: Cryptolepis, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Nibima, Kadze, Gangamau, Ghanaian quinine, Yellow-dye root. It has been used for hundreds of years for the treatment and prevention of malaria and continues to be used today. A native species to Central and South America, Red Bark or Red Cinchona (Cinchona pubescens) is a usually 10 m tall deciduous tree with small, thick, and hairy branches known as an effective medicinal plant for malaria due to the quinine content of its bark. Welcome to our comprehensive guide to 50 botanical and scientific names of plants, from A to Z! In this fascinating journey through the world of flora, we will explore the diverse and intriguing names that classify and identify various plant species. In 1944 scientists were able to synthesize the quinine alkaloid in the laboratory. Mule deer, jackrabbits, domestic sheep, goats and cattle all eat jojoba, and it is one of the four most important forage species for bighorn sheep. Capitula to 10mm diameter, several, in a broad, flat-topped corymb. 8 cups of water every 9 days when it doesn't get direct sunlight and is potted in a 5. The dense clusters of pure white flowers attract an array of pollinators. It is also called the nibima plant in Ghana, meaning "goat head", due to the shape of its fruits. It also became widely used for fevers in general, and in 1749 de Senac found by chance that “Long and rebellious palpitations have ceded to this febrifuge Scientific name: Tinospora crispa English common name: Quinine plant, bitter plant Lao name: Khao ho, kheua Plant family: Menispermaceae (Moonseed family) This plant is in the Menispermaceae family – without doubt the most well-known of this family for its medicinal virtues, even outside of its natural range. The leaves are aromatic, rough with tiny hairs, and toothed. officinalis in the production of quinine, most famously used for treatment of malaria. Flowers are white or pink, outside becoming hairless to velvet-hairy; tube cylindrical, 8. “Jesuit's bark”, as it was called, was discovered in Europe after 1630 to be valuable in treating malaria. Cinchona caloptera Miq. However, consumption in high dosage should be avoided as it can cause various side effects such as headache, rash, abdominal pain, deafness, cinchonism, and blindness. Quinine has also contributed to the understanding of plant-derived compounds in medicine Common Names Aside from its scientific name, Cryptolepis suffruticosa is also known as the Ghanaian quinine plant or simply quinine plant, because of its medicinal use as a substitute for quinine. It is fast-growing and flowering starts 2 - 3 years after planting. However, centuries of over-harvesting, followed by deforestation and the advance of agricultural frontiers, have pushed this species to the brink of extinction. rjv h86rp vsu rfk7j 08d w6rk bb8ix nu6xem n5ds5l ebz